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The science behind MaxBowls
Why keeping track of what your pet eats and drinks matters — and the research behind it.
Most of us genuinely can't tell. In the UK, around half of dogs and 43% of cats are overweight, and every vet surveyed is concerned about the growing problem — yet roughly 77% of owners believe their pet is a healthy weight. If we were good at judging our pets' intake by eye, that gap simply wouldn't exist.
50% / 43%
of UK dogs / cats are overweight or obese
100%
of vets are concerned about pet obesity
~77%
of owners think their pet's weight is fine
Source: UK Pet Food Obesity Report (ukpetfood.org).
Why intake is worth watching
How much a pet eats and drinks is genuinely hard to hold in your head — across a busy week, a multi-pet home, or a water bowl you can't read by sight. And a change in it is one of the earliest, most recognised signs that something may be off:
- A drop in appetite is a classic early sign of illness — vets even use appetite as a scored part of how they track conditions like inflammatory bowel disease.
- A rise in thirst is a hallmark of kidney disease, diabetes and, in cats, an overactive thyroid.
- Keeping a pet lean by managing what they eat is one of the best-evidenced ways to give them a longer, healthier life — in a landmark 14-year study, dogs kept at a lean weight lived a median of almost two years longer.
What MaxBowls does with it
It weighs every meal and drink automatically, learns your pet's normal baseline, and shows you the trend — so a real change stands out early instead of surfacing weeks later. When something shifts, you have an objective record to show your vet, not a guess.
Honest about what it is: MaxBowls is an early-warning and record-keeping tool, not a diagnosis. It won't tell you what's wrong — it helps you spot changes worth raising with your vet, sooner.
The research behind this
The studies below were located, challenged and independently fact-checked; each link opens the real publication. They support two things: that a change in intake is a recognised early sign worth acting on, and that keeping a pet at a healthy weight by managing intake supports a longer, healthier life.
Kidney & urinary disease
- Case-control study of risk factors associated with feline and canine chronic kidney disease
Bartlett PC, Van Buren JW, Bartlett AD, Zhou C (2010) · Veterinary Medicine International · PMID: 20885927 / DOI: 10.4061/2010/957570
- Gaining insights into pet owner understanding/lived experience of canine chronic kidney disease using survey and social media data
Tarrant G, Boyden L, Rai T, Wright A, Cook AJC, Wells K (2025) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · PMID: 40400671 / DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1506272
- Evaluation of predictors of the development of azotemia in cats
Jepson RE, Brodbelt D, Vallance C, Syme HM, Elliott J (2009) · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine · PMID: 19566846 / DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0339.x
- Effect of dietary water intake on urinary output, specific gravity and relative supersaturation for calcium oxalate and struvite in the cat
Buckley CMF, Hawthorne A, Colyer A, Stevenson AE (2011) · British Journal of Nutrition · DOI: 10.1017/S0007114511001875
- Increased Water Viscosity Enhances Water Intake and Reduces Risk of Calcium Oxalate Stone Formation in Cats
Hall JA, Vanchina MA, Ogleby B, Jewell DE (2021) · Animals (Basel) · DOI: 10.3390/ani11072110 / PMID: 34359236
- Evaluation of Weight Loss Over Time in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease
Freeman LM, Lachaud M-P, Matthews S, Rhodes L, Zollers B (2016) · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine · PMID: 27527534 / DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14561
- Enhancing Detection of Feline Chronic Kidney Disease Through Smart Litter Box Monitoring
Langenfeld-McCoy N, Snow L, Gordon H, George Z, Quimby J, Arndt O, Thomas S, Schoeneck N, McGowan RTS (2026) · Animals (MDPI) · DOI: 10.3390/ani16091319
- Characterising individual feeding and elimination behaviours in healthy cats using a connected smart feeder and litter box: a preliminary study
Rémi Migny, Didier Concordet, Brice S. Reynolds (2026) · Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (JFMS) · PMID: 41482871 / DOI: 10.1177/1098612X251414320
Diabetes & thyroid
- ISFM Consensus Guidelines on the Practical Management of Diabetes Mellitus in Cats
Sparkes AH, Cannon M, Church D, Fleeman L, Harvey A, Hoenig M, Peterson ME, Reusch CE, Taylor S, Rosenberg D (2015) · Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery · PMID: 25701862 / DOI: 10.1177/1098612X15571880
- 2025 iCatCare consensus guidelines on the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus in cats
Taylor S, Cannon M, Church D, Fleeman L, Fracassi F, Gilor C, Mott J, Niessen S (2025) · Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery · PMID: 41224734 / DOI: 10.1177/1098612X251399103
- Feline hyperthyroidism: pretreatment clinical and laboratory evaluation of 131 cases
Peterson ME, Kintzer PP, Cavanagh PG, Fox PR, Ferguson DC, Johnson GF, Becker DV (1983) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association (JAVMA) 183(1):103-110 · PMID: 6874510
- Changes in clinical and laboratory findings in cats with hyperthyroidism from 1983 to 1993
Broussard JD, Peterson ME, Fox PR (1995) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association (JAVMA) 206(3):302-305 · PMID: 7751233
- 2016 AAFP Guidelines for the Management of Feline Hyperthyroidism
Carney HC, Ward CR, Bailey SJ, Bruyette D, Dennis S, Ferguson D, Hinc A, Rucinsky AR (2016) · Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (JFMS) 18(5):400-416 · DOI: 10.1177/1098612X16643252
Appetite, food intake & clinical outcome
- Evaluation of the Prevalence and Risk Factors for Undernutrition in Hospitalized Dogs
Molina J, Hervera M, Garcia Manzanilla E, Torrente C, Villaverde C (2018) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · PMID: 30211177 / DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00205
- Effects of nutritional support on hospital outcome in dogs and cats
Brunetto MA, Gomes MOS, Andre MR, Teshima E, Goncalves KNV, Pereira GT, Ferraudo AS, Carciofi AC (2010) · Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care (San Antonio) · PMID: 20487250 / DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00507.x
- An investigation of the relationship between caloric intake and outcome in hospitalized dogs
Remillard RL, Darden DE, Michel KE, Marks SL, Buffington CA, Bunnell PR (2001) · Veterinary Therapeutics · PMID: 19746652
- Early recognition of anorexia through patient-generated assessment predicts survival in patients with oesophagogastric cancer
Abraham M, Kordatou Z, Barriuso J, Lamarca A, Weaver JMJ, Cipriano C, Papaxoinis G, Backen A, Mansoor W (2019) · PLoS One · PMID: 31774822 / DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224540
- External validation of a collar-mounted triaxial accelerometer for second-by-second monitoring of eight behavioural states in dogs
Ingrid den Uijl, Constanza B. Gómez Álvarez, David Bartram, Yoni Dror, Robert Holland, Alasdair Cook (2017) · PLOS ONE · PMID: 29186154 / DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188481
- A Scoring Index for Disease Activity in Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Jergens AE, Schreiner CA, Frank DE, Niyo Y, Ahrens FE, Eckersall PD, Benson TJ, Evans R (2003) · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 17(3):291-297 · PMID: 12774968
- Chronic Enteropathies in Dogs: Evaluation of Risk Factors for Negative Outcome
Allenspach K, Wieland B, Grone A, Gaschen F (2007) · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 21(4):700-708 · DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb03011.x
- A multidisciplinary study of pain in cats undergoing dental extractions: A prospective, blinded, clinical trial
Watanabe R, Doodnaught G, Proulx C, Auger JP, Monteiro B, Dumais Y, Beauchamp G, Segura M, Steagall P (2019) · PLOS ONE, 14(3):e0213195 · PMID: 30822336
Water intake & hydration
- Measurement of daily water intake in the dog
English PB, Filippich LJ (1980) · Journal of Small Animal Practice · PMID: 7366182 / DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1980.tb01231.x
- Effects of a nutrient-enriched water on water intake and indices of hydration in healthy domestic cats fed a dry kibble diet
Zanghi BM, Gerheart L, Gardner CL (2018) · American Journal of Veterinary Research · DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.79.7.733 / PMID: 29943634
- Water intake and consumption behavior of colony and privately-owned healthy domestic cats fed 100% dry, 50% dry and 50% wet, and 100% wet diets: a comparison of research and home environments
van Diggelen RA, Gillies GJJ, Shoveller AK, Banton S, Kosmal PAL (2026) · Journal of Animal Science · DOI: 10.1093/jas/skag201
- Deep Learning Classification of Canine Behavior Using a Single Collar-Mounted Accelerometer: Real-World Validation
Chambers RD, Yoder NC, Carson AB, et al. (2021) · Animals (Basel) · PMID: 34070579 (DOI: 10.3390/ani11061549)
- External validation of a collar-mounted triaxial accelerometer for second-by-second monitoring of eight behavioural states in dogs
den Uijl I, Gomez Alvarez CB, Bartram D, Dror Y, Holland R, Cook A (2017) · PLoS One · PMID: 29186154 (DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188481)
Behaviour & automated/sensor monitoring
- Characterising individual feeding and elimination behaviours in healthy cats using a connected smart feeder and litter box: a preliminary study
Migny R, Concordet D, Reynolds BS (2026) · Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery · PMID: 41482871 (DOI: 10.1177/1098612X251414320)
- Use of an activity monitor to detect response to treatment in dogs with osteoarthritis
Brown DC, Boston RC, Farrar JT (2010) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association (JAVMA) · PMID: 20590496 / DOI: 10.2460/javma.237.1.66
- Sickness behaviors in response to unusual external events in healthy cats and cats with feline interstitial cystitis
Judi L. Stella, Linda K. Lord, C. A. Tony Buffington (2011) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association (JAVMA) · PMID: 21194324 / DOI: 10.2460/javma.238.1.67
- Evaluation of a pet-separating automatic feeder and high-frequency meal feeding for weight loss in multi-cat households
Angela L. Witzel-Rollins, Maryanne Murphy, Cary M. Springer, Tamberlyn D. Moyers, Julia D. Albright (2022) · Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (JFMS) · PMID: 35762268 / DOI: 10.1177/1098612X221105046
Weight, body condition & lifespan
- Effects of diet restriction on life span and age-related changes in dogs
Kealy RD, Lawler DF, Ballam JM, Mantz SL, Biery DN, Greeley EH, Lust G, Segre M, Smith GK, Stowe HD (2002) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association (JAVMA), 220(9):1315-1320 · PMID: 11991408 / DOI: 10.2460/javma.2002.220.1315
- Association between life span and body condition in neutered client-owned dogs
Salt C, Morris PJ, Wilson D, Lund EM, German AJ (2019) · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine (JVIM), 33(1):89-99 · PMID: 30548336 / DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15367
- Evaluation of the effect of limited food consumption on radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis in dogs
Kealy RD, Lawler DF, Ballam JM, Lust G, Biery DN, Smith GK, Mantz SL (2000) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association (JAVMA), 217(11):1678-1680 · PMID: 11110459 / DOI: 10.2460/javma.2000.217.1678
- Diet restriction and ageing in the dog: major observations over two decades
Lawler DF, Larson BT, Ballam JM, Smith GK, Biery DN, Evans RH, Greeley EH, Segre M, Stowe HD, Kealy RD (2008) · British Journal of Nutrition, 99(4):793-805 · PMID: 18062831 / DOI: 10.1017/S0007114507871686